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Galaxies are typically categorized into a few main types based on their shape and structure:

1. Spiral Galaxies: Characterized by flat, rotating disks with spiral arms extending from a central bulge. The Milky Way and Andromeda are examples of spiral galaxies.
2. Elliptical Galaxies: Ranging from nearly spherical to elongated shapes, these galaxies lack the defined structure of spirals and are generally older, with little new star formation.
3. Irregular Galaxies: Lacking a distinct shape, these galaxies are often chaotic in appearance, usually due to gravitational interactions or collisions with other galaxies.
4. Lenticular Galaxies: A combination of spiral and elliptical galaxies, lenticular galaxies have a central bulge and a disk but lack the spiral arms.

Galaxies can vary greatly in size, from dwarf galaxies containing a few billion stars to giants with hundreds of billions of stars. They are often grouped in clusters, which in turn form larger structures called superclusters, creating an intricate web-like structure across the universe.